Seed Depth: 1/4–1/2 inch

Seed Spacing: 18–24 inches

Row Spacing: 24–36 inches

Sunlight: Full sun to partial shade

Days to Sprout: 7–14 days

Days to Maturity: 85–100 days

Growth Habit: Upright

Sunlight: Choose a location that receives full sun for at least 6-8 hours a day.

Soil: Prefers well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.5. Amend the soil with compost or well-rotted manure to enhance fertility and drainage.

When to Plant: Broccoli is a cool-season crop that can be planted in early spring or late summer for a fall harvest. Start seeds indoors 6-8 weeks before the last expected frost date for a spring crop, or sow seeds directly in the garden in late summer for a fall crop.

Starting Indoors: Sow seeds 1/4 inch deep in seed-starting mix. Keep the soil moist and maintain a temperature of 60-70°F (15-21°C). Transplant seedlings outdoors when they have 4-6 true leaves and the danger of frost has passed.

Direct Sowing: Sow seeds directly in the garden 1/2 inch deep and 3 inches apart in rows spaced 18-24 inches apart. Thin seedlings to stand 12-18 inches apart once they are a few inches tall.

Succession Planting: Sow seeds every 2–3 weeks for a continuous harvest.

Watering: Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Water broccoli regularly, especially during dry periods. Mulch around the plants to retain soil moisture and suppress weeds.

Fertilization: Broccoli is a heavy feeder. Apply a balanced fertilizer or compost at planting time and again when the plants are 3-4 weeks old. Side-dress with compost or a balanced fertilizer when heads begin to form.

Mulching and Weeding: Apply a layer of mulch around the plants to retain soil moisture, suppress weeds, and keep the soil temperature consistent. Hand-pull weeds carefully to avoid disturbing the shallow roots of the broccoli.

Pruning: Remove yellowing or damaged leaves to maintain airflow and reduce disease risk.

Pest and Disease Management: Watch for common pests such as aphids, cabbage worms, and flea beetles. Use organic pest control methods like neem oil, insecticidal soap, or hand-picking to manage infestations. Practice crop rotation and ensure good air circulation to prevent fungal diseases like downy mildew and clubroot.

When to Harvest: The main head is typically ready to harvest 85-100 days after planting. Harvest when the head is firm and tight, before the individual florets begin to open.

How to Harvest: Use a sharp knife to cut the main head, leaving about 6 inches of the stem. After harvesting the main head, the plant will produce multiple side shoots, which can be harvested regularly.

Storing Fresh Broccoli: Freshly harvested broccoli can be stored in the refrigerator for up to a week. Place the heads in a plastic bag or container to retain moisture.

Culinary Uses: Broccoli can be steamed, boiled, roasted, or sautéed. It's a versatile vegetable that can be used in stir-fries, soups, salads, casseroles, and as a nutritious side dish.