Seed Depth: 1/4 inch

Seed Spacing: 6–12 inches

Row Spacing: 12–18 inches

Sunlight: Full sun to partial shade

Days to Sprout: 7–14 days

Days to Maturity: 55–65 days

Growth Habit: Upright, compact

Sunlight: Thrives in full sun but tolerates partial shade, especially in hotter climates.

Soil Type: Prefers rich, well-drained soil with a pH of 6.0–7.0. Adding compost improves growth.

When to Plant: Sow seeds outdoors in early spring or late summer for a fall harvest. For an earlier start, begin seeds indoors 4–6 weeks before the last frost.

Direct Sowing: Plant seeds 1/4 inch deep, spacing them 6–12 inches apart. Thin seedlings to the desired spacing.

Indoor Sowing: Start seeds in trays and transplant when seedlings are 2–4 inches tall.

Succession Planting: Sow every 2–3 weeks for a continuous harvest during the growing season.

Watering: Water consistently to keep the soil evenly moist but not waterlogged. Mulch helps retain moisture and regulate temperature.

Fertilizing: Use a balanced fertilizer or compost at planting and mid-season to encourage lush growth.

Pruning: Remove damaged or yellowing leaves to maintain plant health.

Pest and Disease Control: Monitor for slugs, aphids, and mildew. Use organic pest controls and ensure proper spacing for airflow.

When to Harvest: Harvest heads when they are firm and compact, typically 55–65 days after planting. Outer leaves can also be harvested earlier for baby greens.

How to Harvest: Cut heads at the base with a sharp knife or snip outer leaves for a “cut-and-come-again” harvest.

Seed Collection: Allow a few plants to bolt and flower. Collect seeds once the flower heads dry.

Storing Seeds: Store seeds in an airtight container in a cool, dry place.