Seed Depth: 1/4–1/2 inch

Seed Spacing: 2–4 inches

Row Spacing: 12–18 inches

Sunlight: Full sun to partial shade

Days to Sprout: 5–10 days

Days to Maturity: 50–65 days

Growth Habit: Upright, bushy annual

Sunlight: Thrives in full sun but tolerates partial shade, especially in warmer climates.

Soil Type: Prefers loose, well-drained soil with a pH of 6.0–7.0, enriched with compost for optimal growth.

When to Plant: Sow seeds directly outdoors in early spring or late summer for a fall crop. Turnips prefer cooler temperatures and develop best in the spring or fall.

Direct Sowing: Plant seeds 1/4–1/2 inch deep, spacing them 2–4 inches apart in rows 12–18 inches apart.

Indoor Sowing: Not recommended; direct sowing produces the best results for turnips.

Succession Planting: Sow every 2–3 weeks for a continuous harvest during the growing season.

Watering: Water deeply and consistently, keeping the soil evenly moist but not waterlogged. Avoid letting the soil dry out, as it can cause woody roots.

Fertilizing: Use a balanced fertilizer or compost at planting and during mid-season if needed. Avoid over-fertilizing, which can cause excessive foliage growth.

Pruning: No pruning is necessary; greens can be harvested sparingly while allowing the root to develop fully.

Pest and Disease Control: Monitor for flea beetles and aphids. Use organic treatments or row covers to protect plants. Practice crop rotation and ensure good air circulation to prevent fungal diseases like powdery mildew and clubroot.

When to Harvest: Harvest roots when they are 2–4 inches in diameter for the best texture and flavor, typically 50–65 days after planting. Greens can be harvested earlier for fresh use.

How to Harvest: Pull roots gently from the soil when they reach the desired size. Use a garden fork if the soil is compact.

Seed Collection: Allow some plants to bolt and flower. Collect seeds from mature seed pods once they are dry.

Storing Seeds: Dry seeds thoroughly and store them in an airtight container in a cool, dry place.