Sunlight: Sunflowers thrive in full sun, requiring at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight daily. The more sunlight they receive, the better they will grow and bloom.

Soil: Prefers well-drained, moderately fertile soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.5. Sunflowers are adaptable to various soil types but will perform best in soil enriched with compost or organic matter. They are somewhat drought-tolerant once established but prefer consistent moisture.

When to Plant: Sunflowers are warm-season plants and should be planted after the last frost date in spring when the soil has warmed to at least 50°F (10°C). They can be direct-sown outdoors or started indoors and transplanted after the danger of frost has passed.

Direct Sowing: Sow seeds directly in the garden 1 inch deep and 6-12 inches apart. Thin seedlings to 12-24 inches apart once they are a few inches tall, depending on the desired spacing and size of the plants.

Starting Indoors: If starting seeds indoors, sow them in biodegradable pots 2-3 weeks before the last frost date. Transplant the seedlings outdoors when they are 2-3 inches tall, being careful not to disturb their roots.

Watering: Keep the soil consistently moist during germination and early growth. Once established, sunflowers are relatively drought-tolerant but will benefit from regular watering, especially during dry spells. Water deeply to encourage deep root growth.

Fertilization: Sunflowers are not heavy feeders, but they will benefit from a balanced fertilizer or compost applied at planting time. If the soil is poor, side-dress with compost or a balanced fertilizer once or twice during the growing season to support healthy growth and flowering.

Mulching and Weeding: Apply a layer of mulch around the base of the plants to retain soil moisture, suppress weeds, and keep the soil temperature consistent. Mulching also helps to protect the roots from temperature fluctuations.

Staking: Lemon Queen Sunflowers can grow 5-7 feet tall, so they may require staking, especially in windy areas. Use stakes or garden twine to support the plants and prevent them from toppling over.

Pest and Disease Management: Sunflowers are generally resistant to pests but can occasionally attract aphids, caterpillars, or sunflower beetles. Use organic pest control methods like neem oil, insecticidal soap, or hand-picking to manage infestations. Ensure good air circulation around the plants to prevent fungal diseases, and avoid overhead watering to keep the foliage dry.

When to Harvest: Lemon Queen Sunflowers bloom in late summer to early fall. The flowers are ready to harvest when the petals start to droop and the back of the flower head turns yellow. If you are harvesting seeds, wait until the seeds are fully mature and the back of the flower head turns brown.

Harvest For Flowers: Cut the sunflower heads with a sharp knife or pruning shears, leaving a long stem if you plan to use them in arrangements. Sunflowers make stunning cut flowers and can last up to a week in a vase with fresh water.

Harvest For Seeds: If harvesting seeds, cut the flower heads when they start to droop and the seeds are fully formed. Hang the heads upside down in a cool, dry place to finish drying. Once dry, rub the seeds from the flower head and store them in an airtight container.

Storing Seeds: Store harvested sunflower seeds in a cool, dry place in an airtight container. Seeds can be saved for replanting the next year or for roasting and eating.

Culinary and Ornamental Uses: Lemon Queen Sunflowers are primarily grown for their ornamental value, but the seeds can also be harvested and eaten or saved for planting. The flowers attract bees, butterflies, and other pollinators, making them an excellent choice for pollinator gardens.