Seed Depth: 1/4 inch

Seed Spacing: 12–18 inches

Row Spacing: 24–36 inches

Sunlight: Full sun to partial shade

Days to Sprout: 14–21 days

Days to Maturity: 90–120 days (for mature plants)

Growth Habit: Upright perennial

Sunlight: Thrives in full sun but tolerates partial shade, especially in hotter climates.

Soil Type: Prefers moist, well-drained soil with a pH of 6.0–7.0. Adding organic matter or compost enhances growth.

When to Plant: Sow seeds directly outdoors in spring after the last frost or in early fall. For a head start, begin seeds indoors 4–6 weeks before the last frost.

Direct Sowing: Plant seeds 1/4 inch deep and 12–18 inches apart in rows spaced 24–36 inches apart.

Indoor Sowing: Start seeds in trays with rich potting soil. Transplant seedlings outdoors when they are 4–6 inches tall and the soil is warm.

Succession Planting: Not typically needed; marshmallow plants are perennials that regrow each year.

Watering: Water consistently to keep the soil evenly moist but not waterlogged. Marshmallow thrives in damp conditions.

Fertilizing: Apply a balanced fertilizer or compost at planting and mid-season to support strong growth.

Pruning: Trim back plants in late fall to prepare for winter dormancy.

Pest and Disease Control: Generally pest-resistant but monitor for aphids and fungal diseases. Use organic treatments as needed.

When to Harvest: Harvest roots in the second or third year for medicinal use. Leaves and flowers can be harvested once the plant is established in its first year.

How to Harvest: Carefully dig up roots with a garden fork, or snip leaves and flowers as needed.

Seed Collection: Allow seed pods to mature on the plant and dry before collecting seeds.

Storing Seeds: Dry seeds thoroughly and store them in an airtight container in a cool, dry place.