Sunlight: Choose a location that receives full sun for at least 6-8 hours a day. Collards can tolerate partial shade, but full sun encourages the best growth.

Soil: Prefers well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.5. Collards thrive in soil rich in organic matter, so amend the soil with compost or well-rotted manure before planting.

When to Plant: Vates Collards are a cool-season crop that can be planted in early spring or late summer for a fall and winter harvest. In mild climates, collards can be grown year-round. Sow seeds directly in the garden 4-6 weeks before the last expected frost in spring, or 6-8 weeks before the first expected frost in fall.

Direct Sowing: Sow seeds 1/4 inch deep and 6 inches apart in rows spaced 18-24 inches apart. Thin seedlings to 12-18 inches apart once they are a few inches tall to allow enough space for the plants to develop.

Transplanting: If starting seeds indoors, transplant seedlings outdoors when they are 4-6 inches tall and the danger of frost has passed. Space the plants 12-18 inches apart in rows 18-24 inches apart.

Watering: Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Collards need regular watering, especially during dry periods, to ensure even moisture. Water at the base of the plant to avoid wetting the leaves, which can lead to disease.

Fertilization: Collards are heavy feeders and benefit from a nutrient-rich soil. Apply a balanced fertilizer or compost at planting time. Side-dress with compost or a balanced fertilizer every 4-6 weeks during the growing season to support healthy growth.

Mulching and Weeding: Apply a layer of mulch around the plants to retain soil moisture, suppress weeds, and keep the soil temperature consistent. Mulch also helps to prevent the soil from splashing onto the leaves, which can reduce the risk of disease. Hand-pull weeds carefully to avoid disturbing the shallow roots of the collards.

Pest and Disease Management: Collards can be susceptible to pests such as aphids, cabbage worms, and flea beetles. Use row covers to protect young plants and organic pest control methods like neem oil or insecticidal soap if necessary. Practice crop rotation and ensure good air circulation to prevent fungal diseases like downy mildew and black rot.

When to Harvest: Vates Collards are typically ready to harvest 60-75 days after planting. Begin harvesting when the leaves are large enough to eat, usually around 6-8 inches long. For the best flavor, harvest after the leaves have been exposed to a light frost, which sweetens the greens.

How to Harvest: Harvest collard leaves by cutting the outer leaves at the base with scissors or pruning shears, leaving the inner leaves to continue growing. You can also harvest the entire plant by cutting it off at the base, but regular harvesting of individual leaves extends the growing season. Collards can be harvested continuously throughout the growing season.

Storing Fresh Collards: Freshly harvested collard greens can be stored in the refrigerator for up to a week. Wash the leaves and dry them thoroughly before storing in a plastic bag or container with a damp paper towel to retain moisture. Collards can also be blanched and frozen for longer storage.

Culinary Uses: Vates Collards are a staple in Southern cooking and can be used in a variety of dishes. They are often slow-cooked with smoked meats, onions, and garlic, but can also be steamed, sautéed, or added to soups and stews. Collard greens are versatile and can be used as a substitute for kale, spinach, or other leafy greens in many recipes.