Seed Depth: 1/4–1/2 inch

Seed Spacing: 18–24 inches

Row Spacing: 24–36 inches

Sunlight: Full sun to partial shade

Days to Sprout: 7–12 days

Days to Maturity: 65–75 days

Growth Habit: Compact, Ppright

Sunlight: Choose a location that receives full sun for at least 6-8 hours a day. Cauliflower prefers cooler temperatures but requires plenty of sunlight for optimal growth.

Soil: Prefers well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Amend the soil with compost or well-rotted manure to enhance fertility and drainage. Cauliflower is a heavy feeder, so nutrient-rich soil is essential for healthy growth.

When to Plant: Snowball Y Improved Cauliflower is a cool-season crop that can be planted in early spring or late summer for a fall harvest. Start seeds indoors 6-8 weeks before the last expected frost date in spring, or sow seeds directly in the garden as soon as the soil can be worked. For a fall crop, sow seeds in mid-summer.

Starting Indoors: Sow seeds 1/4 inch deep in seed-starting mix. Keep the soil moist and maintain a temperature of 60-70°F (15-21°C). Transplant seedlings outdoors when they are 4-6 inches tall and the danger of frost has passed.

Direct Sowing: Sow seeds directly in the garden 1/4 inch deep and 18-24 inches apart in rows spaced 24-30 inches apart. Thin seedlings to 18-24 inches apart once they are a few inches tall to allow enough space for the heads to develop.

Succession Planting: Plant every 2–3 weeks to ensure a continuous harvest throughout the growing season.

Watering: Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Water cauliflower regularly, especially during dry periods, to ensure even moisture. Water at the base of the plant to avoid wetting the foliage, which can lead to disease.

Fertilization: Cauliflower is a heavy feeder. Apply a balanced fertilizer or compost at planting time. Side-dress with compost or a balanced fertilizer when the plants are 3-4 weeks old and again when they start to form heads.

Mulching and Weeding: Apply a layer of mulch around the plants to retain soil moisture, suppress weeds, and keep the soil temperature consistent. Mulch also helps to prevent the soil from splashing onto the leaves, which can reduce the risk of disease. Hand-pull weeds carefully to avoid disturbing the shallow roots of the cauliflower.

Blanching: Blanching is the process of covering the developing heads to keep them white and tender. When the heads are about 2-3 inches in diameter, tie the outer leaves over the head to protect it from direct sunlight. This will prevent the heads from turning yellow or developing a bitter taste. Continue blanching until the heads are ready to harvest.

Pruning: Remove yellowing or damaged leaves to promote healthy growth and airflow.

Pest and Disease Management: Cauliflower can be susceptible to pests such as cabbage worms, aphids, and flea beetles. Use row covers to protect young plants and organic pest control methods like neem oil or insecticidal soap if necessary. Practice crop rotation and ensure good air circulation to prevent fungal diseases like black rot and clubroot.

When to Harvest: Snowball Y Improved Cauliflower is typically ready to harvest 65-75 days after planting. Harvest when the heads are firm, compact, and reach 6-8 inches in diameter.

How to Harvest: Use a sharp knife to cut the head from the base of the plant, leaving a few outer leaves intact to protect the head. Harvest the heads while they are still tight and before they begin to separate or discolor.

Storing Fresh Cauliflower: Freshly harvested cauliflower can be stored in the refrigerator for up to 1-2 weeks. Wrap the head in a damp cloth or plastic bag to retain moisture. For longer storage, cauliflower can be blanched and frozen.